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02
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\u548c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7f8e\u7f8e\u4e0e\u5171\u00a0<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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WSET\u8ba4\u8bc1\u54c1\u9152\u5e08\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4f8d\u9152\u5927\u5e08\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u5927\u5e08\u7ea7\u54c1\u9152\u5e08Niels Toase\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u5f80\u201c\u820d\u5f97\u8001\u9152\u4e0e\u9e45\u809d\u3001\u8717\u725b\u642d\u914d\u7684\u5473\u9053\u3002\u201d\u524d\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u54c1\u9152\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2dGianotti Giuliano\u66f4\u662f\u76f4\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u820d\u5f97\u8001\u9152\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9707\u60ca\u4e0d\u4e9a\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u4e00\u626b\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u897f\u65b9\u70c8\u9152\u54c1\u8bc4\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u767d\u9152\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u4e0e\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u63a8\u4ecb\u4e2d\u56fd\u8001\u9152\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u5473\u9053\u3002\u201d\u4e2d\u56fd\u8001\u9152\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u573a\u666f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6f5c\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\u4e2d\u88ab\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u820d\u5f97\u8001\u9152\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u767d\u9152\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5185\u6838\u5f97\u4ee5\u6df1\u523b\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c06\u4fc3\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u70c8\u9152\u7231\u597d\u8005\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8001\u9152\u4e3e\u676f\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u70c8\u9152\u56fe\u9274\u300b\u770b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u917f\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u9152\uff0c\u54c1\u7684\u662f\u6587\u5316\u3002\u8457\u540d\u4e16\u754c\u70c8\u9152\u4ece\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u738b\u5ba4\u8d35\u65cf\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u8363\u8000\uff0c\u4f20\u627f\u5343\u767e\u5e74\u800c\u6d41\u6dcc\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9\u539f\u6599\u7684\u82db\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u656c\u754f\u4e0e\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u917f\u5c31\u4e86\u70c8\u9152\u6216\u7eaf\u7cb9\uff0c\u6216\u99a5\u5408\u7684\u53e3\u611f\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u90fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u70c8\u9152\u8574\u85cf\u7740\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u7f8e\uff0c\u4e5f\u627f\u8f7d\u7740\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5411\u5f80\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
03<\/strong><\/section>\n
\n
\u54c1\u8d28+\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u7834\u5c40\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u201c\u8001\u9152\u65b9\u6848\u201d<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u767d\u9152\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u5e76\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u95ef\u201c\u54c1\u8d28\u5173\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u7ecf\u53d7\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5173\u201d\u8003\u9a8c\u3002\u5de6\u624b\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u53f3\u624b\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u820d\u5f97\u9152\u4e1a\u7a81\u7834\u4e16\u754c\u70c8\u9152\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6218\u7565\u601d\u8003\u3002\u54c1\u8d28\u8fc7\u786c\uff0c\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u53d7\u4f17\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u559c\u6b22\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u767d\u9152\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u5173\u3002\u820d\u5f97\u8001\u9152\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u4e13\u4e1a\u54c1\u9152\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u6279\u201c\u53d7\u4f17\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u771f\u5b9e\u611f\u53d7\u8868\u8fbe\u820d\u5f97\u8001\u9152\u5e26\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u7528\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4e13\u4e1a\u79ef\u7d2f\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u767d\u9152\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u70c8\u9152\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u767d\u9152\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6469\u7eb3\u54e5\u54c1\u9152\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2dPatrice Frank\uff0cWSET\u8ba4\u8bc1\u54c1\u9152\u5e08\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u4f8d\u9152\u5927\u5e08\u516c\u4f1a\u5927\u5e08\u7ea7\u54c1\u9152\u5e08Niels Toase\uff0c\u524d\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u54c1\u9152\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2dGianotti Giuliano\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u9645\u98ce\u5473\u8bc4\u9274\u6240200\u4f4d\u8bc4\u59d4\u5171\u540c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8001\u9152\u7406\u5e94\u548c\u5a01\u58eb\u5fcc\u3001\u5e72\u9091\u4e00\u6837\u7ad9\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u70c8\u9152\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u820d\u5f97\u8001\u9152\u7684\u7f8e\u5473\u503c\u5f97\u88ab\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4efd\u8d5e\u8a89\u6e90\u4e8e\u820d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u7684\u751f\u6001\u548c\u5bf9\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u6781\u81f4\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u820d\u5f97\u9152\u4e1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5730\u5904\u4e16\u754c\u767d\u9152\u917f\u9020\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u7684\u56db\u91cd\u917f\u9152\u751f\u6001\u5708\uff1a\u56db\u5ddd\u76c6\u5730\u5927\u751f\u6001\u5708\u2014\u2014\u5c04\u6d2a\u4e9a\u751f\u6001\u5708\u2014\u2014\u6cb1\u724c\u9547\u6838\u5fc3\u751f\u6001\u5708\u2014\u2014\u820d\u5f97\u9152\u4e1a\u751f\u6001\u56ed\u5fae\u751f\u6001\u5708\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u820d\u5f97\u7528\u201c\u516d\u8001\u201d (\u8001\u7a96\u6c60\u3001\u8001\u66f2\u827a\u3001\u8001\u917f\u827a\u3001\u8001\u9152\u7cdf\u3001\u8001\u5320\u4eba\u3001\u8001\u57fa\u9152)\u8be0\u91ca\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u8001\u9152\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6ef4\u820d\u5f97\u9152\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u4e0d\u75be\u4e0d\u5f90\uff0c\u7b49\u5f856\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u820d\u5f97\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8010\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u5bc6\u5207\u4ee5\u53ca\u5a92\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u201c\u4e00\u5e26\u4e00\u8def\u201d\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u767d\u9152\u54c1\u724c\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u52bf\u5934\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u52b2\uff0c\u5176\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u6218\u7565\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u573a\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u767d\u9152\u884c\u4e1a\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002
\u6587\u5316\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6587\u5316\u81ea\u89c9\u3002\u767d\u9152\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6587\u5316\u5148\u884c\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u820d\u5f97\u9152\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u57fa\u5730\u526f\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u4f59\u4e1c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u8fdc\u3001\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u767d\u9152\u56fd\u9645\u5316\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u767d\u9152\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u575a\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u7cbe\u9ad3\u6587\u5316\u201c\u9b42\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6839\u201d\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u8ba9\u8ddf\u9152\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u6587\u7269\u548c\u9057\u4ea7\u6d3b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6d3b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u957f\u4e45\u3001\u66f4\u6df1\u8fdc\u5730\u4f20\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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