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\u6211\u5728\u6c83\u5c14\u65af\uff08Walls\u00e9\uff09\u9910\u5385\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5927\u53a8\u2014\u2014\u5e93\u5c14\u7279\u2022\u53e4\u6ed5\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\uff08Kurt Gutenbrunner\uff09\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u7b80\u76f4\u75af\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e5f\u7b97\u4f8d\u9152\u5e08\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7fd8\u695a\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\uff08\u6211\u5728\u804c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u8eab\u5236\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8d5b\u524d\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u5965\u5730\u5229\u6700\u4f73\u9752\u5e74\u4f8d\u9152\u5e08\u5927\u8d5b\u7684\u51a0\u519b\uff0c\u90a3\u5bf9\u6211\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u4e0a\u8363\u8a89\u3002\uff09\u4ed6\u95ee\u6211\u4e3a\u4f55\u79bb\u5f00\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3002\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u621133\u5c81\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u4e9b\u65e0\u804a\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e00\u76f4\u65e0\u804a\u523060\u5c81\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f53\u573a\u96c7\u4f63\u4e86\u6211\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
2004\u5e747\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u6211\u98de\u62b5\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u8001\u9f20\u548c\u87d1\u8782\u3002\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u51e0\u5957\u623f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e86\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u6797\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\u5821\u7684\u4e00\u95f4\u516c\u5bd3\u3002\u8fd9\u95f4\u516c\u5bd3\u7684\u53a8\u623f\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u810f\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u96c7\u4e86\u9910\u5385\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f19\u8ba1\u5e2e\u6211\u4e00\u8d77\u6253\u626b\uff0c\u82b1\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u5468\u624d\u6253\u626b\u5e72\u51c0\uff01<\/span><\/section>\n
2007\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u4f73\u4f8d\u9152\u5e08\u5927\u8d5b\u7684\u51a0\u519b\u3002\u4e24\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6700\u68d2\u7684\u9910\u5385\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f2f\u7eb3\u4e01\u9910\u5385\uff0c\u5411\u6211\u4f38\u51fa\u4e86\u6a44\u6984\u679d\u3002\u8fd9\u5bb6\u9910\u5385\u7684\u4e3b\u53a8\u548c\u8001\u677f\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u80fd\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u5b66\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5174\u594b\u3002\u4e3b\u53a8\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u2022\u91cc\u4f69\u7279\uff08Eric Ripert\uff09\u7684\u70f9\u996a\u6c34\u5e73\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ed6\u505a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9171\u6599\u5473\u9053\u5c42\u6b21\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u4ed6\u505a\u7684\u83dc\u80b4\u642d\u914d\u8461\u8404\u9152\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4ee4\u6211\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u5bb6\u9910\u5385\u7684\u8001\u677f\uff0c\u739b\u5409\u2022\u52d2\u79d1\u5179\uff08Maguy Le Coze\uff09\u5973\u58eb\uff0c\u4ece1986\u5e74\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5bb6\u9910\u5385\u521b\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\u2014\u2014\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5979\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u5bb6\u9910\u5385\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u8bf4\u7c73\u5176\u6797\u4e09\u661f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u8001\u677f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u573a\u6bd4\u8d5b\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u8fd8\u8ba9\u6211\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u53c2\u52a02008\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u4f73\u4f8d\u9152\u5e08\u5927\u8d5b\u7684\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u8d5b\u3002\u8ddd\u79bb\u5f00\u8d5b\u8fd8\u67098\u5468\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u4f73\u4f8d\u9152\u5e08\u5927\u8d5b\u4e0a\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e9a\u519b\u7684\u9009\u624b\u7a81\u7136\u9000\u8d5b\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f8d\u9152\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u2022\u8d1d\u5c14\uff08Andrew Bell\uff09\u5c31\u6765\u95ee\u6211\u613f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u53c2\u52a0\u6bd4\u8d5b\u3002\u6211\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u51a0\u519b\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u6ca1\u8f9c\u8d1f\u90a3\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u9b54\u9b3c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/section>\n
2013\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u548c\u739b\u5409\u5bf9\u6211\u8bb2\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5f00\u963f\u5c14\u591a\u2022\u7d22\u59c6\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5427\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u60f3\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u5f00\u5e97\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u6211\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8f6f\u5f31\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u4f2f\u7eb3\u4e01\u9910\u5385\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fd9\u4e48\u6709\u540d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9152\u5427\uff1f\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4eba\u53bb\u9910\u5385\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u83dc\u80b4\u800c\u975e\u90a3\u5bb6\u9910\u5385\u7684\u9152\u6709\u591a\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u8f6c\u5ff5\u4e00\u60f3\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5427\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u67d0\u4e2a\u9910\u5385\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u4f8d\u9152\u5e08\u548c\u524d\u4efb\u526f\u4e3b\u53a8\u5408\u4f19\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u83dc\u5355\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9910\u5385\u7684\u83dc\u5355\u76f8\u5dee\u65e0\u51e0\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f2f\u7eb3\u4e01\u9910\u5385\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u6b63\u5b97\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u5927\u53a8\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u80fd\u7ed3\u5408\u9910\u5385\u548c\u9152\u5427\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u65e2\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f2f\u7eb3\u4e01\u9910\u5385\u91cc\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u8461\u8404\u9152\u63a5\u89e6\u8d44\u6df1\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9152\u9274\u8d4f\u5bb6\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5427\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u5174\u4ea7\u533a\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u9152\u5e84\u63d0\u4f9b\u552e\u5356\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002\u6211\u5728\u9910\u5385\u5356\u51fa\u4e00\u74f6\u4e0a\u7b49\u52c3\u826e\u7b2c\u767d\u8461\u8404\u9152\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9152\u5427\u91cc\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u53ef\u80fd\u82b1\u4e8611\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u54c1\u5c1d\u4e00\u676f\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u90a3\u5229\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u8461\u8404\u9152\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u4e86\u8fd9\u5bb6\u9152\u5427\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8461\u8404\u9152\u5427\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9152\u5427\u91cc\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6c1b\u56f4\u80fd\u591f\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5199\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u53c8\u6d45\u663e\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8d\u9152\u5e08\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u7edd\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5199\u4e66\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u2022\u7a46\u5c14\u514b\uff08Christine Muhlke\uff09\u548c\u6211\u5408\u8457\u3002\u5979\u5199\u8fc7\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u4f2f\u7eb3\u4e01\u9910\u5385\u4e3b\u53a8\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u53eb\u300a\u4e0e\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u2022\u91cc\u4f69\u7279\u540c\u884c\u300b\uff08Oh the Line)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u8bc6\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u5df2\u670910\u591a\u5e74\u4e86\u3002\u5979\u5bf9\u7f8e\u98df\u9887\u6709\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6c42\u77e5\u6b32\uff0c\u613f\u610f\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u6240\u949f\u7231\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9152\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5c31\u62ff\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u51fa\u6765\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u3002\uff09\u6211\u60f3\u4e0e\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u5408\u4f5c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8bfb\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u70ed\u7231\u7f8e\u98df\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u60f3\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u8461\u8404\u9152\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u88ab\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f8d\u9152\u5e08\u7684\u8bdd\u7ed9\u5413\u4f4f\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\u7528\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u201c\u670b\u53cb\u822c\u7684\u8bf4\u6559\u201d\u5413\u9000\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u8461\u8404\u9152\u8bfe\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u8482\u5a1c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u57ce\u5e02\u9a91\u884c\u7231\u597d\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e5f\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u80c6\u3001\u5f88\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u62c5\u8d77\u5199\u4e66\u7684\u91cd\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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